Principales infractions pénales liées à l'état de faillite
Auteur | Philippe Jehasse |
Occupation de l'auteur | Avocat et associé , Bureau Henry et Mersch |
Pages | 177-181 |
Page 177
Les articles 489 et suivants du Code pénal traitent des infractions liées à l'état de faillite.
Dans le cadre de sa mission, le curateur doit établir un mémoire de faillite destiné notamment à informer le Ministère public des infraction pénales constatées ou supposées 438.
Par ailleurs, le curateur ou le juge-commissaire qui constateraient des irrégularités au cours de la procédure de liquidation de la faillite ont l'obligation de les dénoncer au Parquet du Procureur du Roi.
Parmi les infractions pénales le plus souvent rencontrées en pratique, figurent l'aveu de faillite tardif, incomplet ou inexact (voir infra, page 178), l'absence de collaboration du failli (voir infra, page 179) et le détournement d'actifs (voir infra, page 180).
Bien que n'étant pas directement liées à l'état de faillite, la comptabilité irrégulièrement tenue, le non paiement des rémunérations des travailleurs, l'émission de chèques sans provision, ... sont également des infractions pénales fréquentes en cette matière. Page 178
Le législateur punit d'un emprisonnement d'un mois à deux ans et d'une amende de 100 à 500.000 € ou d'une de ces peines seulement celui qui, dans l'intention de retarder la déclaration de faillite, a omis de faire l'aveu de celle-ci dans le délai d'un mois à dater de la cessation de ses paiements 439.
Pour que les conditions de cette infraction soient réunies, il faut que l'auteur de l'infraction ait délibérément eu en vue de retarder la déclaration de faillite et, par voie de conséquence, d'aggraver le passif et de porter préjudice aux créanciers 440. La simple négligence n'est donc pas pénalement répréhensible, il faut en plus un élément moral.
Par ailleurs, celui qui, sciemment, fournit au curateur des renseignements inexacts à l'occasion de l'aveu de faillite ou ultérieurement, lors des demandes adressées par le jugecommissaire ou le curateur, s'expose également à des poursuites pénales.
De même, celui qui, volontairement, a omis de fournir, à l'occasion de l'aveu de faillite, les bilans et livres comptables ou une note qui explique les motifs qui empêchent le dépôt de ces documents, commet une infraction pénale. P...
Pour continuer la lecture
SOLLICITEZ VOTRE ESSAI- La faillite
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- Notions générales
- Préface
- Introduction
- La déclaration de faillite
- Les effets de la faillite pour le failli et les organes de la société faillie
- Les effets de la faillite pour les créanciers
- Les grandes étapes de la procédure de faillite
- L'excusabilité
- La décharge des sûretés personnelles à titre gratuit
- La responsabilité civile des dirigeants d'entreprises en cas de faillite
- Principales infractions pénales liées à l'état de faillite
- Les interdictions professionnelles
- Conclusions (sous forme de conseils)
- Bibliographie sommaire
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