L'action en cessation environnementale
Auteur | Laurence Barnich/Marc Bellefroid/Michel Delnoy/Viviane Haenen |
Pages | 336-340 |
Page 336
Pour l'essentiel, on l'a vu, les actions pénales et administratives sont du ressort des autorités publiques. L'action en cessation environnementale peut, elle, également être intentée par une ASBL de défense de l'environnement. Elle vise à faire cesser un trouble environnemental par la prise de mesures de natures fort diverses.
Une action en cessation en matière de protection de l'environnement peut être mise en oeuvre sur base de la loi du 12 janvier 1993 lorsqu'il y a :
- violation manifeste d'une ou de plusieurs dispositions d'un ou de plusieurs textes à valeur légale ou réglementaire relatifs à la protection de l'environnement;
- ou menace grave de violation d'une disposition de ce type.
Le concept de texte relatif à la protection de l'environnement s'apprécie relativement largement. A notre sens, il englobe la plupart des dispositions dont il est question dans le présent ouvrage. Par ailleurs, il englobe de manière certaine les dispositions du CodePage 337 wallon de l'aménagement du territoire, de l'urbanisme et du patrimoine (CWATUP)361.
Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, exercer une activité soumise à permis d'environnement sans disposer de ce permis peut donner lieu à une action en cessation. Il en va de même en cas d'exécution d'un acte soumis à permis d'urbanisme sans disposer dudit permis.
La violation du texte considéré doit être manifeste. Pour certains juges, cela signifie qu'elle ne doit pas prêter à un doute sérieux, qu'elle doit être évidente ou difficilement contestable. Ainsi, si l'auteur de la prétendue violation peut apporter des éléments de défense de nature à faire douter de l'existence effective d'une violation, l'action en cessation sera rejetée par le juge. Pour d'autres juges, cela signifie que la violation doit être importante : les violations minimes des dispositions de protection de l'environnement ne peuvent donner lieu à une action en cessation. En ce qui concerne le caractère manifeste de la violation, tout dépend donc du juge devant lequel l'action est portée.
Il peut également s'agir d'une menace grave de violation d'une disposition relative à la protection de l'environnement. Dans cette hypothèse, la violation n'a pas encore eu lieu mais il est vraisemblable qu'elle va avoir lieu. A cet égard, curieusement, la loi n'impose pas que la...
Pour continuer la lecture
SOLLICITEZ VOTRE ESSAI- Livres et Revues
- Les actions en justice et les sanctions
- L'action en annulation devant le Conseil d'Etat319-322
- L'action pénale (ou action correctionnelle)
- L'action administrative : contrôle et sanctions
- L'action en cessation environnementale
- L'action en cessation commerciale
- L'action en référé ordinaire
- L'action en dommages et intérêts
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