L'action en référé ordinaire
Auteur | Laurence Barnich/Marc Bellefroid/Michel Delnoy/Viviane Haenen |
Pages | 341-343 |
Page 341
De manière générale, toute personne peut demander au président du tribunal de première instance de statuer à bref délai mais à titre provisoire sur une question dont la solution ne peut souffrir aucun retard.
Page 342
En l'espèce, des mesures peuvent être prises par le président alors même que l'établissement bénéficie de l'ensemble des permis et autorisations requis. En effet, le président opère une balance des intérêts et des droits en présence, à savoir ceux du demandeur et ceux du défendeur.
La condition essentielle de mise en oeuvre de l'action en référé est l'urgence : le président ne peut prendre l'affaire que s'il est indispensable qu'il statue rapidement sur la demande qui lui est soumise. Cela signifie notamment que le demandeur n'est plus recevable à agir en référé ordinaire s'il a en réalité tardé à le faire et qu'il a de la sorte, par son retard, créé luimême l'urgence dont il se prévaut.
Par ailleurs, il convient avant tout qu'il y ait risque de préjudice dans le chef de celui qui intente l'action ou à tout le moins qu'il y ait risque qu'il subisse des inconvénients sérieux. C'est dans ce cadre que le président opère la balance des intérêts dont il a été question ci-dessus. Cela étant, il peut suffire, pour que le juge des référés soit compétent, que celui qui s'adresse à lui établisse l'existence d'une crainte sérieuse en ce qui concerne le préjudice ou les inconvénients qui viennent d'être évoqués : ces derniers ne doivent pas nécessairement s'être déjà produits.
Dans la matière qui nous occupe, l'action est le plus souvent intentée par les riverains d'un établissement qui cause des nuisances ou qui est susceptible de générer un dommage irréversible.
Le président statue «au provisoire» : la décision qu'il prend est susceptible d'être modifiée à tout moment, elle ne tranche pas définitivement le litige et elle ne peut pas porter préjudice à l'action «au fond», c'est-à-dire celle qui permettra de trancher définitivement le litige364.
C'est dans cette mesure qu'il n'est généralement pas possible d'obtenir du juge des référés ordinaire qu'il ordonne une mesure irrémédiable, sur...
Pour continuer la lecture
SOLLICITEZ VOTRE ESSAI- Le Permis d'Environnement expliqué
- Les actions en justice et les sanctions
- Les actions en justice et les sanctions
- L'action en annulation devant le Conseil d'Etat319-322
- L'action pénale (ou action correctionnelle)
- L'action administrative : contrôle et sanctions
- L'action en cessation environnementale
- L'action en cessation commerciale
- L'action en référé ordinaire
- L'action en dommages et intérêts
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