Acquisition de la personnalité juridique
Auteur | Michel de Wolf Wolf/Patrick de Wolf Wolf/Pierre Nicaise Nicaise/Laurent Stas de Richelle Richelle |
Occupation de l'auteur | Réviseur d'entreprises/Avocat/Notaire/Avocat |
Pages | 15-16 |
Page 15
Depuis le 1er juillet 1996, la SPRL et la SA n'acquièrent la personnalité juridique qu'au jour du dépôt au greffe du tribunal de commerce d'extraits de leur acte constitutif (C.Soc, art. 2, § 4). Ce dépôt interviendra dans la quinzaine de l'acte (art. 68), sous peine de sanctions à charge du notaire instrumentant (art. 256, § 1er, et 257, du Code des droits d'enregistrement).
L'acquisition de la personnalité juridique est une condition nécessaire à l'obtention de la limitation de responsabilité recherchée par les personnes qui constituent une SPRL ou une SA. Sans personnalité juridique distincte dans le chef de la société, il ne saurait en effet y avoir véritable séparation de patrimoine.
Le Code précise encore qu'en l'absence du dépôt, une société à objet commercial qui n'est ni une société en formation, ni une société momentanée, ni une société interne, est soumise aux règles concernant la société de droit commun et, en cas de raison sociale, à l'article 204 du Code.
Délicate est en réalité la question du régime juridique applicable à la société non encore déposée. Certains défendent que dans l'attente du dépôt au greffe, les règles de fonctionnement de la société seraient en quelque sorte suspendues.
Avis
Cette thèse radicale ne nous paraît pas fondée. Conformément au principe général déposé à l'article 1134 du Code civil, l'article 20 du Code des sociétés prévoit expressément que la société commence à l'instant même du contrat, s'il ne désigne une autre...
Pour continuer la lecture
SOLLICITEZ VOTRE ESSAI- Le Code des SA et SPRL expliqué
- Dispositions introductives
- Définition
- Acquisition de la personnalité juridique
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