La défense par un avocat devant le Juge d’instruction
Auteur | Thierry Afschrift |
Dans plusieurs arrondissements de Belgique, et, pour la première fois à Bruxelles, à partir du 1er octobre, les personnes présentées devant un juge d’instruction en vue de leur décerner éventuellement un mandat d’arrêt, pourront bénéficier d’une certaine assistance d’un avocat.
Jusqu’à présent, et au mépris des règles établies par la jurisprudence de Strasbourg sur la base de l’article 6 de la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme, la Belgique est un des rares pays où une personne arrêtée, et même une personne qui risque un mandat d’arrêt, n’a droit à aucune assistance d’un avocat.
Ce système archaïque digne d’un Etat policier ne va disparaître d’un seul coup. En l’absence de toute législation modifiant la loi belge pour la rendre enfin conforme au prescrit minimal requis pour garantir les droits de la défense, l’initiative prétorienne qui va être instaurée dans le ressort des tribunaux de Bruxelles est très loin d’être satisfaisante.
En effet, alors que la jurisprudence européenne prévoit, très logiquement, l’obligation de l’assistance d’un avocat dès le premier interrogatoire, même par des policiers, la pratique que l’on se propose d’instaurer à Bruxelles est seulement de permettre la présence de l’avocat lors d’un interrogatoire par le juge d’instruction uniquement. C’est évidemment loin d’être suffisant, dans la mesure où l’essentiel des aveux obtenus ou extorqués d’un prévenu le sont au stade de l’interrogatoire de police.
De plus, il faut craindre que les juges d’instruction ne tolèrent que la...
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