Les taxes communales bruxelloises sur les immeubles de bureaux seraient-elles inconstitutionnelles ?
Auteur | Severine Segier |
Depuis quelques années, les différentes communes de l’agglomération bruxelloise ont introduit dans leur législation locale une taxe spécifique, due par les propriétaires d’immeubles de bureaux, qu’ils soient ou non mis en location.
Cette taxe est fixée en fonction du nombre de m2 de bureaux ; son montant varie selon les communes concernées, mais de manière générale, elle représente une charge assez substantielle pour les propriétaires d’immeubles de bureaux, qu’il est de surcroît souvent difficile d’ajouter aux charges des locataires, lorsque ceux-ci ont un bail en cours depuis la période qui a précédé l’introduction de ces différentes taxes.
Chaque commune peut définir cette taxe comme elle l’entend, et elle doit la prévoir dans un règlement-taxe communal qui lui est propre.
On constate cependant que dans la plupart des cas, ces taxes ont uniquement un motif budgétaire, et ne sont pas spécifiquement justifiées par des nécessités d’intérêt général, comme des charges supplémentaires que les finances communales pourraient avoir à supporter en raison de la présence des immeubles de bureaux sur le territoire.
Pourtant, une telle motivation budgétaire, si elle est unique, n’est pas suffisante, ainsi que l’a déjà décidé le Conseil d’Etat à plusieurs reprises.
Selon celui-ci, la commune doit être en mesure de justifier la motivation qui préside à l’établissement de ce type de taxe, c’est-à-dire la raison pour laquelle la Commune choisit de taxer spécifiquement les contribuables propriétaires d’immeubles de bureaux, en les différenciant des autres contribuables établis dans la même Commune.
L’ajout d’une taxe complémentaire à charge d’une catégorie définie de contribuables constitue en effet une discrimination fiscale, laquelle, pour être constitutionnellement admissible, nécessite d’être justifiée par des critères objectifs et vérifiables.
Ces critères objectifs et vérifiables doivent dès lors se retrouver dans la motivation de la taxation, à savoir le...
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