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- La Responsabilité Du Dirigeant D'entreprise
- Engagements Pris Au Nom Dune Société en Formation
Solution apportée par le droit des sociétés
Auteur | Philippe Jehasse |
Pages | 20-21 |
Page 20
Jusqu'à l'adoption de l'article 13 bis des lois coordonnées sur les sociétés commerciales (devenu l'article 60 du Code des sociétés), les cours et tribunaux appliquaient les principes civilistes de la gestion d'affaires (articles 1372 et suivants du Code civil) ou encore du porte-fort.
Cette solution était toutefois inconfortable pour les tiers - car les promoteurs n'étaient pas personnellement tenus à l'égard des tiers si la société n'était pas constituée - et pour la société constituée - car celle-ci était tenue de respecter n'importe quel engagement dès lors qu'il lui avait été utile -.
Une intervention législative s'avéra dès lors nécessaire. Celleci intervint en 1973 sous l'impulsion de la première Directive du Conseil des Communautés européennes du 9 mars 1968 en matière de sociétés 3.
Depuis lors, les promoteurs qui prennent envers des tiers un engagement, à quelque titre que ce soit, au nom d'une société en formation en sont immédiatement, personnellement et solidairement responsables, sauf :
- si la société a acquis la personnalité juridique dans les deux ans de la naissance de l'engagement 4;
ET 5
- si cet engagement est repris par la société dans les deux mois qui suivent l'acquisition de sa personnalité juridique.
Page 21
Dans ce cas, l'engagement est réputé avoir été souscrit par la société dès l'origine (effet rétroactif de la ratification).
Dans le cas contraire, le promoteur sera personnellement tenu d'assumer l'engagement souscrit. Ainsi, par exemple, à défaut de ratification de la vente par la société, le promoteur deviendra propriétaire de l'immeuble acquis au nom de la société en formation.
Attention !
L'engagement du promoteur à l'égard des tiers est indépendant de sa participation ou non à la constitution de la société. Ainsi, il ne pourrait tirer argument des motifs qui ont empêché la constitution effective de la société ou la reprise des engagements par celle-ci pour tenter d'échapper à sa responsabilité envers les tiers à l'égard desquels il est personnellement tenu.
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Pour continuer la lecture
SOLLICITEZ VOTRE ESSAI- La responsabilité du dirigeant d'entreprise
- Engagements pris au nom dune société en formation
- Contexte
- Solution apportée par le droit des sociétés
- Dérogations conventionnelles
- La reprise des engagements par la société en formation
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