La réforme bancaire, quelles conséquences pour l’épargne?
Auteur | Nicolas Themelin |
Jusqu’au début de ce mois de mai 2014, la première tranche de 1.250 € par an des revenus afférents aux dépôts d’épargne reçus pouvait être exonérée d’impôt à la condition, parmi d’autres, qu’ils soient effectués dans des établissements de crédit établis en Belgique.
Ce régime a été condamné par la Cour européenne de justice, dans son arrêt du 6 juin 2013. Il violait en effet la libre prestation des services au sein de l’Union en ce qu’il établissait « une imposition discriminatoire des intérêts payés par les banques non-résidentes, résultant de l’application d’une exonération fiscale réservée uniquement aux intérêts payés par les banques résidentes ».
Pour se mettre en conformité avec cette jurisprudence, le législateur belge a adapté le libellé de l’article 21, 5°, du Code des impôts sur les revenus en élargissant la possibilité d’exonération aux autres institutions de crédit de l’Espace Économique Européen. Si cette modification semble louable, au vu de l’arrêt prononcé par la Cour européenne de justice, il n’en reste pas moins que les conséquences pour l’épargnant belge paraissent nulles.
Le compte d’épargne réglementé qui donne droit à l’exonération de la première tranche de 1.250 € par an doit continuer à respecter un certain nombre de conditions. Parmi ces conditions, relevons que la rémunération du dépôt d’épargne doit « obligatoirement mais exclusivement » comporter un intérêt de base et une prime de fidélité. Ces éléments sont eux-mêmes soumis à de strictes modalités, visées à l’article 2 de l’Arrêté royal portant exécution du Code des impôts sur les revenus.
Dans les faits, les conditions légales de l’exonération de la première tranche des intérêts de dépôts d’épargne sont tellement contraignantes et propres au marché belge qu’il nous semble improbable que des...
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