Réduction ou exonération du précompte immobilier: quand l’improductivité est-elle indépendante de la volonté du propriétaire?
Auteur | Gauthier Vael |
Le précompte immobilier est un impôt annuel sur les immeubles, calculé sur la base du revenu cadastral. Il est dû, en principe, par tout propriétaire d’un bien immobilier situé en Belgique et, plus généralement, par tout titulaire d’un droit réel sur celui-ci au 1er janvier de l’exercice d’imposition.
Le droit fiscal belge prévoit que le précompte peut, sur demande de l’intéressé, être réduit ou faire l’objet d’une exonération dans certaines situations comme, par exemple, quand le bien immobilier est improductif, c’est-à-dire lorsqu’il ne peut rapporter aucun revenu.
Pour obtenir la réduction ou l’exonération du précompte immobilier, le titulaire du droit réel sur le bien doit notamment démontrer que l’improductivité du bien est involontaire, c’est-à-dire qu’elle est réellement indépendante de sa volonté. Traditionnellement, de nombreux litiges opposent les contribuables à l’administration à ce sujet.
Cela s’explique principalement par le fait que le droit fiscal belge ne donne aucune précision réelle en la matière. Tout au plus prévoit-il que la seule mise simultanée en location et en vente du bien par le contribuable n’établit pas suffisamment l’improductivité. Il ne donne toutefois aucun critère concret qui permettrait de déterminer qu’un bien improductif l’est d’une manière volontaire ou involontaire.
La Cour d’appel de Gand a rendu, le 13 janvier 2015, un arrêt intéressant en ce qui concerne le caractère involontaire de l’improductivité.
En l’espèce, des entrepôts n’avaient pas pu être loués car le...
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