Le rachat forcé ou retrait
Auteur | Michel de Wolf Wolf/Patrick de Wolf Wolf/Pierre Nicaise Nicaise/Laurent Stas de Richelle Richelle |
Occupation de l'auteur | Réviseur d'entreprises/Avocat/Notaire/Avocat |
Pages | 207-208 |
Page 207
Les sociétés visées sont les mêmes qu'en matière d'exclusion, la référence aux «justes motifs» est elle aussi maintenue, ainsi que la procédure. Cette action a pour but de contraindre un associé à l'origine des «justes motifs» à racheter tous les titres détenus par l'associé qui s'estime lésé.
A la différence du régime de l'exclusion, l'action en justice peut être intentée par tout associé, aucun seuil n'étant ici exigé. A la différence des articles 334 à 339 et 635 à 641 du Code, les articles 340 à 341 et 642 à 643 n'interdisent pas à une filiale ou à la société elle-même d'introduire l'action.
La preuve de l'existence de "justes motifs" présente, par rapport à la procédure d'exclusion, deux particularités:
- contrairement aux justes motifs des art. 334-339 et 635-641 qui visent avant tout la recherche de l'intérêt de la société, c'est l'intérêt personnel de l'associé demandeur qui est ici à l'avant-plan dans le cadre de la procédure de retrait, comme l'a justement relevé la jurisprudence. Ce qui explique qu'aucun seuil ne soit exigé pour intenter l'action en retrait;
- la reprise ne peut être exercée que contre l'associé qui est à l'origine des «justes motifs», ce qui en restreint la portée par rapport au sens donné à cette notion dans le cadre de l'article 45 du Code des sociétés.
Il faudra donc établir un lien de causalité entre le juste motif invoqué et le comportement de l'actionnaire qui en est à l'origine.
Exemples tirés de la jurisprudence
- dans une société comptant trois actionnaires dont chacun est propriétaire d'un tiers des actions, le fait pour deux d'entre eux de conspirer contre le troisième, rompant ainsi l'équilibre dans le rapport des actions;
- l'absence de réponse à des questions précises concernant les irrégularités dans la gestion de la société, ainsi que la révocation...
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