Notion : qu'est-ce que le «bruit» ?
Auteur | Laurence Barnich/Marc Bellefroid/Michel Delnoy/Viviane Haenen |
Pages | 287-288 |
Page 287
On ne trouve pas à proprement parler de définition de la notion de «bruit». Le bruit est en effet un phénomène par trop complexe et la tolérance de chacun à son égard par trop subjective. De manière générale, c'est l'énoncé de ses conséquences graves, notamment sur l'organisme et la santé, qui le caractérise : altération de l'ouïe, tension du système nerveux sous la forme d'états de stress, perte de la capacité de concentration, diminution de la puissance de travail tant intellectuelle que physique, prédisposition à la neurasthénie, etc.
Depuis 1973, il existe une loi-cadre sur le bruit, récemment complétée par un volet aéroports-aérodromes305 et diverses réglementations concernant laPage 288 tranquillité publique (la loi communale par exemple) ou quelques textes envisageant chacun une source de bruit particulière comme les transports, les engins de chantier (marteaux-piqueurs, motocompresseurs, brise-béton, groupes électrogènes de puissance, grues à tour, pelles hydrauliques et à câbles, bouteurs, chargeuses et chargeuses-pelleteuses), les établissements publics d'amusement et de spectacle ou encore le bruit domestique (comme la musique en provenance des habitations privées ou encore l'usage de tondeuses à gazon)306.
L'AGW du 4 juillet 2002 fixant les conditions générales d'exploitation des établissements visés par le décret du 11 mars 1999 relatif au permis d'environnement307 définit en son article 19, 2° et 3° le bruit ambiant comme «le bruit résultant de l'action de toutes les sources de bruit dans un endroit donné à un moment donné» et le bruit particulier comme «l'une des composantes du bruit ambiant qui peut être attribuée à une source particulière». Le bruit à caractère tonal est pour sa part défini comme étant «un bruit qui comporte une émergence tonale importante» et le bruit impulsif est «un bruit qui comporte une ou plusieurs impulsions d'énergie acoustique» (article 19, 9° et 10°).
Nous n'aborderons dans le présent chapitre que le volet des bruits dits industriels.
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[305] Il s'agit de la loi du 18 juillet 1973 relative à la lutte contre le bruit (M.B. du 14 septembre 1973) modifiée par le décret du 1er avril...
Pour continuer la lecture
SOLLICITEZ VOTRE ESSAI- Le Permis d'Environnement expliqué
- La lutte contre le bruit
- Introduction
- Notion : qu'est-ce que le «bruit» ?
- Le cadre juridique des bruits «industriels»
- Quelles sont les exigences en matière de construction ?
- Quelles sont, en matière de bruit, les obligations du titulaire d'un permis d'environnement ?
- Existe-t-il des mesures de protection des travailleurs ?
- Quelles sont les obligations d'une entreprise de production de matériel de chantier ?
- Quelles sont les obligations d'une entreprise de travail sur chantier ?
- Quel est le rôle des autorités ?
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