Indemnité de procédure : derniers développements
Auteur | Sylvie Van Herreweghe |
Comme on le sait, la nouvelle réglementation concernant la « répétibilité des honoraires et des frais d'avocats » est entrée en vigueur le 1er janvier 2008.
La réglementation, qui vise à rendre la justice moins chère et plus accessible pour tous, prévoit une intervention forfaitaire dans les frais et honoraires d'avocat de la partie ayant obtenu gain de cause. L'indemnité dépend du montant de la demande, tel que réclamé dans l'acte introductif ou - si la demande a été modifiée en cours d'instance - dans les dernières conclusions. Le juge peut soit réduire l'indemnité de base, soit l'augmenter en fonction de certains critères et ce endéans montants maxima et minima prédéterminés.
La nouvelle réglementation a reçu entretemps son baptême du feu à différents niveaux judiciaires. Comme trop souvent, il s'avère qu'elle pose des problèmes d'application, tant au niveau des principes qu'au niveau de son application pratique.
La Cour Constitutionnelle a fait l'objet à cet égard d'un grand nombre de questions préjudicielles.
La plupart des questions concernent le volet pénal de la nouvelle législation, en vertu de laquelle le prévenu et la personne civilement responsable sont tenus, en cas de condamnation, à payer une indemnité de procédure à la partie civile. Cette dernière ne doit, en revanche, pas indemniser les frais d'avocat du prévenu et/ou de la personne civilement responsable, sauf dans le cas où elle a lancé une citation directe contre eux devant les juridictions de fond et non en cas d'instruction par les pouvoirs publics. Enfin, le ministère public n'est jamais tenu de payer...
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