La disposition anti-abus appliquée dans les faits à une opération de réduction de capital
Auteur | Dorian Vandensteen |
Le Tribunal de première instance de Bruges, dans un jugement du 19 février 20181, a suivi l’administration en décidant que cette dernière avait correctement appliqué l’article 344, § 1er du C.I.R. 92 en soutenant que, compte tenu des faits soumis, une opération de réduction de capital devait être considérée comme une distribution de dividendes.
La loi programme du 29 mars 2012 a remplacé dans le C.I.R. 92 la disposition anti-abus générale contenue aux § 1er et 2 de l’article 344.
En l’espèce, l’opération soumise à la décision du Tribunal consistait en une constitution d’une holding, en 1999, par apport en nature laquelle a procédé à plusieurs réductions de capital entre 2005 et 2013.
L’administration soutient, dans le cas présent, que la réduction de capital de 5 millions opérée en 2013 doit être considérée comme une distribution de dividende en ce que juste avant cette réduction de capital, la société holding a reçu un dividende à concurrence d’approximativement 5 millions.
Le Tribunal de première instance de Bruges a dès lors confirmé la position soutenue par l’administration au motif que cette succession d’opérations juridiques était contraire à l’objectif de l’article 18, alinéa 1er du C.I.R.
En l’espèce, le Tribunal a fait application de l’article 344, § 1er, 2° du C.I.R pour considérer qu’il y avait abus fiscal.
Pour que cette disposition soit toutefois applicable, il faut que l’obtention, par le contribuable, de l’avantage fiscal prévu par la disposition soit contraire aux objectifs de ladite disposition [élément matériel] et que la recherche de cet avantage soit le but...
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