Cessions d'entreprises
Auteur | Michel Ceulemans |
Occupation de l'auteur | Professeur, Chambre belge des comptables et experts-comptables |
Pages | 61-64 |
Page 61
Les cessions d'entreprises doivent avoir lieu en exemption de la T.V.A. lorsqu'elles portent sur une universalité de biens ou une branche d'activité et lorsque le cessionnaire est assujetti à la T.V.A.
Cette obligation découlant de l'article 11 du Code T.V.A. permet au cessionnaire (l'acheteur) d'éviter une avance importante de T.V.A. au cédant (les ventes de fonds de commerce portent souvent sur des sommes très importantes) alors qu'il aurait été en droit de récupérer entièrement cette taxe.
Qu’advient-il dès lors des immeubles lors de ces cessions ?
En cas de cession d’une universalité de biens ou d’une branche d’activité, l'Administration admet qu'il n'est pas nécessaire que la propriété ou la jouissance des bâtiments professionnels soit comprise dans la cession d'un fonds de commerce avec application de l'article 11. Elle ne refuse donc pas l’application de l’exonération si la cession va de pair avec un bail pour l'immeuble dans lequel le commerce est exercé33.
Il n'est pas non plus requis que les bâtiments et les terrains fassent partie d’un apport en société; le vendeur peut dès lors les céder à un tiers sans perdre le bénéfice de l’article 1134.
Exemple
Un plombier personne physique crée une S.P.R.L.U. et lui cède l’universalité des biens. Il conserve l’immeuble pour son propre usage dans le but de le revendre éventuellement à un tiers.
Malgré que l’immeuble ne soit pas cédé, l’exemption de l’article 11 reste applicable à la cession.
Page 62
Lorsqu’un bien qui a donné droit a une déduction complète ou partielle de la T.V.A., est conservé lors d’une cessation d’activité définitive, ce bien est censé prélevé avec application de la T.V.A.35
Toutefois, lorsqu'il s'agit d'un bâtiment pour lequel le délai de vente avec T.V.A. est expiré au moment de la cessation d'activité et ne peut par conséquent être cédé avec T.V.A., le cédant doit revoir en une fois la T.V.A. initialement déduite à concurrence d'un 1/15 pour l'année de cessation et pour les années de la période de révision qui restent à courir36.
Lorsque le cédant continue à affecter son immeuble à une branche d'activité qu'il a...
Pour continuer la lecture
SOLLICITEZ VOTRE ESSAI- Livres et Revues
- Immobilier et T.V.A.
- Pourquoi ce guide ?
- Quelques notions, références et considérations générales propres au secteur immobilier
- Table des abréviations
- Assujettissement dans le secteur immobilier
- Enregistrement des entrepreneurs
- Obligations du secteur immobilier
- Cessions d'entreprises
- Déduction de la T.V.A.
- Facturation dans le secteur immobilier
- Base imposable
- Autres prestations de services du secteur immobilier
- Construction d’immeubles
- Transformation, réparation et aménagement d’immeubles
- Démolition d’immeubles
- Vente d'immeubles
- Locations d’immeubles
- Prélèvements en matière d’immeubles
- Révisions en matière d’immeubles
- Taux 0% « cocontractant »
- Taux réduit de 6% pour les travaux aux logements privés des particuliers
- Taux réduit de 6% sur une tranche de 50.000,00 € lors de la construction d’un nouvel immeuble privé
- Taux réduit de 6% pour les démolitions et reconstructions d’immeubles
- Taux réduit de 6% pour les logements privés de personnes handicapées
- Taux réduit de 6% pour les établissements pour personnes handicapées
- Taux réduit de 6% pour les établissements psychiatriques
- Taux réduit de 6% pour les estimateurs
- Taux réduit de 6% pour le logement social public
- Taux normal de 21%
- Annexes
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