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Les allocations familiales
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Page 162
Au sens de la loi du 13 avril 1995 (M.B. 24 mai 1995, entrée en vigueur 3 juin 1995), l'exercice commun de l'autorité parentale est considéré comme étant la règle générale, que les parents cohabitent ou non, soient mariés ou non, soient séparés de fait ou non ou soient divorcés ou non.
Ce nouveau principe de base peut en conséquence être décrit comme un système de co-parenté ou d'exercice commun de l'autorité parentale.
Cette loi a profondément modifié les règles du Code civil et du Code judiciaire relatives à l'autorité parentale et au droit de garde.
Avant le 3 juin 1995, la règle, en cas de non cohabitation, était l'autorité unique de l'un des parents. On parlait alors de droit de garde et de droit de visite.
Depuis le 1er octobre 1997 (loi du 26 juillet 1996, M.B. 30 avril 1997), il existe une réglementation légale concernant les allocations familiales, basée sur les dispositions de la loi du 13 avril 1995.
La loi du 25 janvier 1999 (M.B. 6 février 1999, applicable depuis cette date) y apporte encore quelques modifications.
Les allocations familiales dans le système des employés sont payées à la mère via l'emploi du père.
Les enfants sont regroupés dans le ménage de la mère (= additionnés pour fixer le montant des allocations familiales).
Page 163
Si la mère ne pourvoit pas effectivement à l'entretien de l'enfant, les allocations familiales seront payées à la personne physique ou morale qui remplit ce rôle.
En d'autres termes, si les deux parents ne cohabitent pas mais exercent ensemble l'autorité parentale, et à condition que l'enfant ne soit pas entretenu par un tiers, les allocations familiales seront payées à la mère.
Si l'enfant est inscrit à l'adresse de son père (domicilié) et que le père les réclame (auprès d'une caisse d'allocations familiales), les allocations familiales (sans aucune procédure) seront versées au père (loi du 25 janvier 1995, M.B. 6 février 1999).
En cas de désaccord, tant le père que la mère peuvent demander au tribunal du travail de déterminer qui sera le bénéficiaire des allocations.
Lorsqu'un tribunal prononce le divorce, la caisse d'allocations familiales devra examiner, au moment où le divorce est transcrit dans les registres de l'état civil, si...
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